Working with Docker

注意事項

It is impossible to create reflinks or hardlinks between a Docker container and the host filesystem during build time. The next best thing you can do is using BuildKit cache mount to share cache between builds. 或者，您可以使用 podman，因為它可以在建置時期掛載 Btrfs 磁碟區。

最小化 Docker 映像尺寸及建置時間

• 使用較小的映像，例如 node:XX-slim。
• 盡可能利用多階段建置。
• 利用 BuildKit 快取掛載區功能。

例一：在 Docker 容器中建置軟體包

Since devDependencies is only necessary for building the bundle, pnpm install --prod will be a separate stage from pnpm install and pnpm run build, allowing the final stage to copy only necessary files from the earlier stages, minimizing the size of the final image.

.dockerignore

node_modules
.git
.gitignore
*.md
dist

Dockerfile

FROM node:20-slim AS base
ENV PNPM_HOME="/pnpm"
ENV PATH="$PNPM_HOME:$PATH"
RUN corepack enable
COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app

FROM base AS prod-deps
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=pnpm,target=/pnpm/store pnpm install --prod --frozen-lockfile

FROM base AS build
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=pnpm,target=/pnpm/store pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
RUN pnpm run build

FROM base
COPY --from=prod-deps /app/node_modules /app/node_modules
COPY --from=build /app/dist /app/dist
EXPOSE 8000
CMD [ "pnpm", "start" ]

例二：在 monorepo 中建置多個 Docker 映像

假設您的 monorepo 含有三個套件：app1、app2 及 common，app1 及 app2 依賴於 common，但不互相依賴。

You want to save only necessary dependencies for each package, pnpm deploy should help you with copying only necessary files and packages.

Structure of the monorepo

./
├── Dockerfile
├── .dockerignore
├── .gitignore
├── packages/
│   ├── app1/
│   │   ├── dist/
│   │   ├── package.json
│   │   ├── src/
│   │   └── tsconfig.json
│   ├── app2/
│   │   ├── dist/
│   │   ├── package.json
│   │   ├── src/
│   │   └── tsconfig.json
│   └── common/
│       ├── dist/
│       ├── package.json
│       ├── src/
│       └── tsconfig.json
├── pnpm-lock.yaml
├── pnpm-workspace.yaml
└── tsconfig.json

pnpm-workspace.yaml

packages:
  - 'packages/*'

.dockerignore

node_modules
.git
.gitignore
*.md
dist

Dockerfile

FROM node:20-slim AS base
ENV PNPM_HOME="/pnpm"
ENV PATH="$PNPM_HOME:$PATH"
RUN corepack enable

FROM base AS build
COPY . /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=pnpm,target=/pnpm/store pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
RUN pnpm run -r build
RUN pnpm deploy --filter=app1 --prod /prod/app1
RUN pnpm deploy --filter=app2 --prod /prod/app2

FROM base AS app1
COPY --from=build /prod/app1 /prod/app1
WORKDIR /prod/app1
EXPOSE 8000
CMD [ "pnpm", "start" ]

FROM base AS app2
COPY --from=build /prod/app2 /prod/app2
WORKDIR /prod/app2
EXPOSE 8001
CMD [ "pnpm", "start" ]

執行下列命令來建置 app1 和 app2 的映像：

docker build . --target app1 --tag app1:latest
docker build . --target app2 --tag app2:latest