Node-Modules & Hoisting Settings

node_modules settings#

modulesDir#

• Default: node_modules
• Type: path

The directory in which dependencies will be installed (instead of node_modules).

nodeLinker#

• Default: isolated
• Type: isolated, hoisted, pnp

Definisce quale linker dovrebbe essere usato per installare i pacchetti Node.

• isolated - dependencies are symlinked from a virtual store at node_modules/.pnpm.
• hoisted - a flat node_modules without symlinks is created. Same as the node_modules created by npm or Yarn Classic. Una delle librerie di Yarn viene utilizzata per l'hoisting, quando viene utilizzata questa impostazione. Motivi legittimi per utilizzare questa impostazione:
  1. I tuoi strumenti non funzionano bene con i collegamenti simbolici.
  2. Il tuo progetto viene distribuito a un provider di hosting senza server. Alcuni provider senza server (ad esempio, AWS Lambda) non supportano i collegamenti simbolici. Una soluzione alternativa a questo problema consiste nel raggruppare l'applicazione prima della distribuzione.
  3. If you want to publish your package with "bundledDependencies".
  4. If you are running Node.js with the --preserve-symlinks flag.
• pnp - no node_modules. Plug'n'Play is an innovative strategy for Node that is used by Yarn Berry. It is recommended to also set symlink setting to false when using pnp as your linker.

nodeExperimentalPackageMap#

Added in: v11.8.0

• Default: false
• Type: Boolean

When true, pnpm writes node_modules/.package-map.json during isolated and hoisted installs and injects it into pnpm-managed Node.js script environments by adding Node's --experimental-package-map option to NODE_OPTIONS.

Nothing reads the map without this setting, so pnpm does not write one. An install that stops writing the map also removes one an earlier install left.

CLI and environment configuration use the kebab-case name node-experimental-package-map.

nodeExperimentalPackageMap: true

nodePackageMapType#

Added in: v11.8.0

• Default: standard
• Type: standard, loose

Controls how node_modules/.package-map.json is generated.

• standard - only declared dependencies are available through the package map.
• loose - also maps packages that are reachable through the installed node_modules layout, which can allow undeclared hoisted dependencies to resolve.

CLI and environment configuration use the kebab-case name node-package-map-type.

nodePackageMapType: loose

symlink#

• Default: true
• Type: Boolean

When symlink is set to false, pnpm creates a virtual store directory without any symlinks. It is a useful setting together with nodeLinker=pnp.

enableModulesDir#

• Default: true
• Type: Boolean

When false, pnpm will not write any files to the modules directory (node_modules). Questo è utile quando la cartella dei moduli è montata con filesystem nello spazio utente (FUSE). There is an experimental CLI that allows you to mount a modules directory with FUSE: @pnpm/mount-modules.

confirmModulesPurge#

• Default: true
• Type: Boolean

Controls whether pnpm asks for confirmation before removing the contents of an incompatible modules directory and reinstalling it from scratch. When false, pnpm recreates the modules directory without prompting. In CI, confirmation is disabled automatically. If confirmation is enabled without a TTY and CI is not detected, pnpm aborts with ERR_PNPM_ABORTED_REMOVE_MODULES_DIR_NO_TTY.

virtualStoreDir#

• Default: node_modules/.pnpm
• Types: path

La cartella con i collegamenti all'archivio. Tutte le dipendenze dirette e indirette del progetto sono collegate in questa cartella.

Dependencies installed from a URL or local path get a hash suffix on their directory name when the part after the scheme contains +, #, :, ?, or another character that is not allowed in file names. This keeps distinct URLs in separate directories.

Questa è un'impostazione utile che può risolvere problemi con percorsi lunghi su Windows. If you have some dependencies with very long paths, you can select a virtual store in the root of your drive (for instance C:\my-project-store).

Or you can set the virtual store to .pnpm and add it to .gitignore. Questo renderà gli stacktrace più puliti poiché i percorsi delle dipendenze saranno di una cartella più in alto.

NOTE: the virtual store cannot be shared between several projects. Ogni progetto dovrebbe avere un proprio archivio virtuale (tranne negli spazi di lavoro dove è condivisa la radice).

virtualStoreDirMaxLength#

• Predefinito:
  • On Linux/macOS: 120
  • On Windows: 60
• Types: number

Sets the maximum allowed length of directory names inside the virtual store directory (node_modules/.pnpm). You may set this to a lower number if you encounter long path issues on Windows.

virtualStoreOnly#

Added in: v11.0.0

• Default: false
• Type: Boolean

When set to true, pnpm populates the virtual store without creating importer symlinks, hoisting, bin links, or running lifecycle scripts. This is useful for pre-populating a store (e.g., in Nix builds) without creating unnecessary project-level artifacts. pnpm fetch uses this mode internally.

packageImportMethod#

• Default: auto
• Type: auto, hardlink, copy, clone, clone-or-copy

Controls the way packages are imported from the store (if you want to disable symlinks inside node_modules, then you need to change the nodeLinker setting, not this one).

• auto - try to clone packages from the store. Se la clonazione non è supportata collega i pacchetti dall'archivio. Se né la clonazione né il collegamento è possibile, esegue la copia
• hardlink - hard link packages from the store
• clone-or-copy - try to clone packages from the store. Se la clonazione non è supportata, allora torna alla copia
• copy - copy packages from the store
• clone - clone (AKA copy-on-write or reference link) packages from the store

La clonazione è il modo migliore per scrivere pacchetti in node_modules. È il modo più veloce e più sicuro. Quando viene utilizzata la clonazione, puoi modificare i file nei tuoi node_modules e non verranno modificati nell'archivio centrale indirizzabile al contenuto.

Sfortunatamente, non tutti i file system supportano la clonazione. Si consiglia di utilizzare un file system copy-on-write (CoW) (ad esempio, Btrfs invece di Ext4 su Linux) per la migliore esperienza con pnpm.

modulesCacheMaxAge#

• Default: 10080 (7 days in minutes)
• Type: number

Il tempo in minuti dopo il quale i pacchetti orfani dalla cartella dei moduli devono essere rimossi. pnpm mantiene una cache dei pacchetti nella cartella dei moduli. Questa velocità di installazione aumenta quando si cambia ramo o si retrocedono delle dipendenze.

dlxCacheMaxAge#

• Default: 1440 (1 day in minutes)
• Type: number

The time in minutes after which dlx cache expires. After executing a dlx command, pnpm keeps a cache that omits the installation step for subsequent calls to the same dlx command.

virtualStoreType#

Added in: v11.23.0

• Default: project
• Type: project, global

Names where the virtual store lives: one store per project, or one store per machine.

virtualStoreType: global

project is the default layout: every project gets its own virtual store inside node_modules/.pnpm. global is the global virtual store: a single store shared by every project on the machine, with each project's node_modules holding only symlinks into it.

This is the canonical spelling of enableGlobalVirtualStore, which keeps working; when a project sets both, virtualStoreType wins. It can also be set through the PNPM_CONFIG_VIRTUAL_STORE_TYPE env variable and read back with pnpm config get virtualStoreType.

The setting is independent of nodeLinker: isolated and pnp both work with either store type, and hoisted writes no virtual store at all, so it is unaffected.

enableGlobalVirtualStore#

Added in: v10.12.1

• Default: false
• Type: Boolean

When enabled, node_modules contains only symlinks to a central virtual store, rather than to node_modules/.pnpm. By default, this central store is located at <store-path>/links (use pnpm store path to find <store-path>).

In the central virtual store, each package is hard linked into a directory whose name is the hash of its dependency graph. As a result, all projects on the system can symlink their dependencies from this shared location on disk. This approach is conceptually similar to how NixOS manages packages, using dependency graph hashes to create isolated and shareable package directories in the Nix store.

This should not be confused with the global content-addressable store. The actual package files are still hard linked from the content-addressable store, but instead of being linked directly into node_modules/.pnpm, they are linked into the global virtual store.

Using a global virtual store can speed up installations when a warm cache is available. However, in CI environments (where caches are typically absent), it may slow down installation. If pnpm detects that it is running in CI and this setting is not set, the global virtual store is off.

Dependency hoisting settings#

hoist#

• Default: true
• Type: boolean

When true, all dependencies are hoisted to node_modules/.pnpm/node_modules. This makes unlisted dependencies accessible to all packages inside node_modules.

hoistPattern#

• Default: ['*']
• Type: string[]

Tells pnpm which packages should be hoisted to node_modules/.pnpm/node_modules. Per impostazione predefinita, tutti i pacchetti sono installati - tuttavia, se sai che solo alcuni pacchetti difettosi hanno dipendenze fantasma, è possibile utilizzare questa opzione per installare esclusivamente le dipendenze fantasma (raccomandato).

Ad esempio:

hoistPattern:
- "*eslint*"
- "*babel*"

You may also exclude patterns from hoisting using !.

Ad esempio:

hoistPattern:
- "*types*"
- "!@types/react"

In a workspace, the pattern is matched against the names of the workspace projects too, unless hoistWorkspacePackages is turned off.

publicHoistPattern#

• Default: []
• Type: string[]

Unlike hoistPattern, which hoists dependencies to a hidden modules directory inside the virtual store, publicHoistPattern hoists dependencies matching the pattern to the root modules directory. Installare nella cartella radice dei moduli significa che il codice dell'applicazione avrà accesso alle dipendenze fantasma, anche se modificano la strategia di risoluzione in modo improprio.

Questa impostazione è utile quando si ha a che fare con alcuni strumenti collegabili difettosi che non risolvere correttamente le dipendenze.

Ad esempio:

publicHoistPattern:
- "*plugin*"

Note: Setting shamefullyHoist to true is the same as setting publicHoistPattern to *.

You may also exclude patterns from hoisting using !.

Ad esempio:

publicHoistPattern:
- "*types*"
- "!@types/react"

In a workspace, the pattern is matched against the names of the workspace projects too, unless hoistWorkspacePackages is turned off.

hoistWorkspacePackages#

• Default: true
• Type: boolean

When true, the projects of the workspace are hoisting candidates too, not only the packages that come from a registry.

hoistPattern and publicHoistPattern then decide where each project lands, exactly as they do for a registry dependency. publicHoistPattern is checked first, so a project matching both patterns goes to the root only:

• A project whose name matches publicHoistPattern is symlinked into <workspace_root>/node_modules.
• A project whose name matches only hoistPattern is symlinked into <workspace_root>/node_modules/.pnpm/node_modules.
• A project whose name matches neither is not hoisted.

Because hoistPattern defaults to ['*'] and publicHoistPattern to [], the default is that every workspace project is symlinked into <workspace_root>/node_modules/.pnpm/node_modules.

This is how a tool that resolves packages by name from the workspace root finds a project of the workspace. The usual case is ESLint loading a plugin that is developed in the same monorepo:

publicHoistPattern:
  - "*eslint*"

With that setting, a workspace project named eslint-plugin-acme appears at <workspace_root>/node_modules/eslint-plugin-acme, even if no package.json lists it as a dependency.

Details worth knowing:

• A project is matched by the name in its package.json, not by its directory name.
• Every project of the workspace is a candidate, including a project that nothing else depends on. The workspace root project is never hoisted.
• The symlink points at the project's own directory in the workspace, so there is nothing to keep in sync.
• A direct dependency wins a name conflict. If a package with the same name is a direct dependency of any workspace project, that package is hoisted and the workspace project is not. Frozen installs preserve this choice even when the dependency is unchanged.
• The setting only adds candidates. When hoistPattern and publicHoistPattern are both empty, nothing is hoisted at all, workspace projects included. Setting hoist to false empties hoistPattern.

shamefullyHoist#

• Default: false
• Type: Boolean

By default, pnpm creates a semistrict node_modules, meaning dependencies have access to undeclared dependencies but modules outside of node_modules do not. Con questo layout, la maggior parte dei pacchetti nell'ecosistema funzionano senza problemi. However, if some tooling only works when the hoisted dependencies are in the root of node_modules, you can set this to true to hoist them for you.

hoistingLimits#

Added in: v11.5.0

• Default: none
• Type: none, workspaces, dependencies

Controls how far dependencies are hoisted when using nodeLinker: hoisted. This setting mirrors Yarn's nmHoistingLimits.

• none - hoist as far as possible (the default).
• workspaces - hoist only as far as each workspace package, preventing dependencies from being hoisted above the workspace package that depends on them.
• dependencies - hoist only up to each workspace package's direct dependencies, preventing transitive dependencies from being hoisted into the workspace package's node_modules.